PC-Kolloquium
Alternative Plasmonic Materials – Colloid Chemical Synthesis, Characterization and Properties
Prof. Dr. Dirk Dorfs (Leibniz Universität Hannover), Vortrag am 12.06.2018
The most famous class of plasmonic materials are still Ag and Au nanostructures. Nevertheless, there are plenty of alternative materials other than elemental metals, which also show plasmonic properties. During this talk, several recently investigated alternative plasmonic materials ranging from degenerately doped semiconductors (e.g. Cu2-xSe) to metallic compounds (e.g. Cu1.1S and various nickel sulfids) in form of colloidal nanocrystals will be discussed concerning their colloid chemical synthesis and properties. It will be shown that the localized surface plasmon resonances (LSPRs) of these particles are capable of covering a wide spectral range (NIR and visible spectral range).
We Play with Chemistry to Design Colloidal Semiconductor Nanocrystals
Dr. Vladimir Lesnyak (TU Dresden), Vortrag am 10.01.2019
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals (or quantum dots) have evolved during last few decades from fundamental theoretical concepts to real commercial products (one of the recent examples is a line-up of Samsung QLED TVs in which quantum dots are employed as color converters) owing to intensive efforts of a plethora of research groups worldwide. These nanomaterials benefit on one hand from their unique size-dependent optoelectronic properties, based on quantum confinement. On the other hand, their solution-based synthesis is an amazingly simple process which can be implemented in nearly any chemistry lab. Both these factors greatly promote investigation of semiconductor nanocrystals making this field truly interdisciplinary, involving chemists, physicists, biologists, material researchers, engineers, to name the main players. In this talk our recent work on the colloidal synthesis of different semiconductor nanocrystals will be summarized.[1] Particular attention will be paid to cation exchange reactions, as a convenient method for modifying the chemical composition of inorganic cores[1b, 1c, 2] as well as to ligand exchange,[3] as an approach to alter their surface. In the framework of the colloidal synthesis a well-controllable approach to create core/shell heterostructures based on CdSe quantum dots[3b] and CdSe nanoplatelets will be shown. Furthermore, quite novel and intensively developed aspect of semiconductor nanoparticles, namely localized surface plasmon resonance, will be touched upon on the example of copper chalcogenide nanocrystals[1a] with demonstration of electrochemical modulation of their light absorption[4]. Thereafter, applications of semiconductor nanocrystals as conducting layers,[5] quantum dot-in-polymer composites as solar concentrators[6] will be discussed.
[1] a) P. L. Saldanha, R. Brescia, M. Prato, H. Li, M. Povia, L. Manna, V. Lesnyak, Chem. Mater. 2014, 26, 1442-1449; b) Q. A. Akkerman, A. Genovese, C. George, M. Prato, I. Moreels, A. Casu, S. Marras, A. Curcio, A. Scarpellini, T. Pellegrino, L. Manna, V. Lesnyak, ACS Nano 2015, 9, 521-531; c) V. Lesnyak, C. George, A. Genovese, M. Prato, A. Casu, S. Ayyappan, A. Scarpellini, L. Manna, ACS Nano 2014, 8, 8407-8418.
[2] a) V. Lesnyak, R. Brescia, G. C. Messina, L. Manna, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 9315-9323; b) J. F. L. Lox, Z. Dang, V. M. Dzhagan, D. Spittel, B. Martín-García, I. Moreels, D. R. T. Zahn, V. Lesnyak, Chem. Mater. 2018, 30, 2607-2617.
[3] a) V. Sayevich, B. Cai, A. Benad, D. Haubold, L. Sonntag, N. Gaponik, V. Lesnyak, A. Eychmüller, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed. 2016, 55, 6334-6338; b) E. A. Slejko, V. Sayevich, B. Cai, N. Gaponik, V. Lughi, V. Lesnyak, A. Eychmüller, Chem. Mater. 2017, 29, 8111-8118.
[4] V. B. Llorente, V. M. Dzhagan, N. Gaponik, R. A. Iglesias, D. R. T. Zahn, V. Lesnyak, J. Phys. Chem. C 2017, 121, 18244-18253.
[5] S. Vikulov, F. Di Stasio, L. Ceseracciu, P. L. Saldanha, A. Scarpellini, Z. Dang, R. Krahne, L. Manna, V. Lesnyak, Adv. Funct. Mater. 2016, 26, 3670-3677.
[6] a) R. Lesyuk, B. Cai, U. Reuter, N. Gaponik, D. Popovych, V. Lesnyak, Small Methods 2017, 1, 1700189; b) R. Lesyuk, V. Lesnyak, A. Herguth, D. Popovych, Y. Bobitski, C. Klinke, N. Gaponik, J. Mater. Chem. C 2017, 5, 11790-11797.
Colloidal Semiconductor Hetero-Nanocrystals: New Materials with Tailored Optoelectronic Properties
Dr. Celso de Mello Donega (Utrecht University), Vortrag am 17.01.2019
Colloidal semiconductor nanocrystals are versatile nanomaterials, whose properties are determined by their size, shape, composition, and compositional profile. Heterostructured semiconductor nanocrystals (hetero-nanocrystals) are particularly attractive, since they allow the spatial localization of photogenerated charge carriers to be manipulated by controlling the band offsets between the materials that are combined at the heterointerface. This has a dramatic impact on several optoelectronic properties. In our group, we have applied a multistage preparation strategy that allows the combination of different synthesis techniques in a sequential manner in order to achieve the targeted preparation of colloidal nanocrystals. This has allowed us to systematically investigate the optical properties of a variety of nanocrystal compositions (e.g., CdX, PbX, X= S, Se, Te; PbSe/CdSe, CdSe/(Cd,Zn)S/ZnS, and ZnSe/CdSe core/shell QDs, CdTe/CdSe core/shell QDs and multipods, CdSe/CdS nanorods, ultranarrow (Zn,Cd)Te/CdSe heteronanowires, doped CsPbBr3:M perovskite QDs). In recent years, we also developed methods to synthesize Cd- and Pb-free (hetero)nanocrystals, such as InP and InP:Cu QDs, InSb QDs, Cu2-xS nanocrystals and ultrathin nanosheets, CuInS2/ZnS QDs, and Cu-chalcogenide based heteronanorods (e.g., CuInSe2/CuInS2, CuInTe2/CuInSe2, CuInS2/ZnS, Cu2-xS/ZnS, Cu2-xS/CuInS2). In this seminar, I will discuss a selection of recent examples, chosen in order to illustrate specific synthesis strategies, as well as to show that composition, size, and shape control can be used to tailor nanoscale excitons, and consequently the optical properties of colloidal nanocrystals.
Charge Transfer States in Functional Molecular Materials
Dr. Reinhard Scholz (Dresden Integrated Center for Applied Physics and Photonic Materials (IAPP), Technische Universität Dresden), Vortrag am 13.05.2019
Neutral molecular excitations and the lowest charge transfer (CT) states between adjacent molecules play a key role for optoelectronic devices like photovoltaic cells or light-emitting diodes (OLEDs).
For crystalline model systems composed of perylene-based chromophores, the optical properties arise from the interplay between neutral molecular excitations and CT states involving adjacent molecules. These excitations are coupled via electron and hole transfer, but the dispersion of the excitonic band structure is dominated by matrix elements for the transfer of neutral molecular excitations. The excitonic coupling mechanisms have to be reconciled with the deformation of each molecule in the excited or charged electronic configurations. A comparison between the calculated dielectric function and the observed optical spectra determines the relative energetic position of Frenkel excitons and the CT state involving stack neighbors.
In solar cells, the CT state at the donor-acceptor interface determines the open circuit voltage. Due to the notorious failure of standard density functionals when applied to CT states, alternative concepts have to be developed. DFT with charge constraints applied to the CT state in a donor-acceptor pair circumvents these problems, allowing for an intuitive understanding of the key contributions to the spectroscopic observables.
The third part of this talk addresses donor-acceptor compounds with small singlet-triplet splitting, promoting efficient triplet harvesting in OLEDs via thermally activated delayed fluorescence (TADF). These systems can be treated with optimally tuned range-saparated hybrid functionals, improving the precision of the calculated CT energies by about one order of magnitude with respect to well tested approaches like the global hybrid B3LYP.
Charge control in polymeric materials – polyampholytes and polymeric photoacids
Prof. Felix H. Schacher (Friedrich-Schiller-Universität Jena, IOMC, JCSM), Vortrag am 24.06.2019
Well-defined copolymers and block copolymers featuring charge-tunable groups in the side chain are ideal materials for the design and modification of interfaces in various settings1 or for controlling and directing self-assembly processes.2 We herein report on the synthesis of polyelectrolytes, polyampholytes, and polyzwitterions as well as the corresponding block copolymers using free radical and controlled radical polymerization techniques. One key building block in our setting is polydehydroalanine (PDha),3-5 a polyzwitterion with high charge density and, depending on the pH, tunable net charge. Apart from interesting solution characteristics,6 we have used PDha and partially protected derivatives as backbone for graft copolymers or as coating materials for iron oxide nanoparticles or within polyelectrolyte multilayers and could show that this allows reversible adsorption / desorption experiments using various oppositely counterparts, including proteins and model pollutants such as methylene blue.7-9 Besides PDha, we are also using polymerizable naphthol derivatives to create polymeric photoacids which show different charge characteristics and solubility in aqueous environment with and without irradiation as another attempt to achieve over charge and charge density.10 Amphiphilic terpolymers and block copolymers containing photoacids based on 1-naphthol were synthesized using reversible addition fragmentation chain transfer radical polymerization (RAFT). The respective photoacid comonomers vary with regard to the backbone linkage as well as the distance of the active unit from the polymer backbone. The resulting materials were characterized with regard to pKa in the ground as well as in the excited state pK*. The concept was further extended to block copolymer micelles featuring photoacids in the hydrophobic core and upon irradiation reversible dissociation / re-association could be shown using light scattering experiments.
References:
1. C. Barner-Kowollik, A. S. Goldmann, F. H. Schacher, Macromolecules 2016, 49, 5001-5016 (Perspective Article).
2. F. H. Schacher, J. C. Brendel, Chem. Asian J. 2018, 13, 230-239.
3. U. Günther, L. V. Sigolaeva, D. V. Pergushov, F. H. Schacher, Macromol. Chem. Phys. 2013, 214, 2202-2212.
4. M. Billing, F. H. Schacher, Macromolecules 2016, 49, 3696-3705.
5. J. Kruse, P. Biehl, F. H. Schacher, Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2019, in press (DOI: 10.1002/marc.201800857)
6. M. Billing, G. Festag, P. Bellstedt, F. H. Schacher, Polym. Chem. 2017, 8, 936-945.
7. M. v. d. Lühe, A. Weidner, S. Dutz, F. H. Schacher, ACS Appl. Nano Mater. 2018, 1, 232-244.
8. P. Biehl, M. V. D. Lühe, F. H. Schacher, Macromol. Rapid Commun. 2018, 39, 1800017
9. J. B. Max, D. V. Pergushov, L. V. Sigolaeva, F. H. Schacher, Polym. Chem. 2019, in press (DOI: 10.1039/C8PY01390J - 2019 issue on Pioneering Investigators)
10. F. Wendler, K. Schneider, B. Dietzek, F. H. Schacher, Polym. Chem. 2017, 8, 2959-2971.
Self-organization of biomolecular building blocks and inorganic nanoparticles into biohybrid nanomaterials
Prof. Tobias Beck (Universität Hamburg, Institut für Physikalische Chemie), Vortrag am 21.10.2019
Self-organization is a key tool for the construction of functional nanomaterials. We have recently established a novel method for the self-organization of biomolecular building blocks and nanoparticles. Here, protein containers, engineered with opposite surface charge, are used as an atomically precise ligand shell for the assembly of inorganic nanoparticles.[1] The assembly of these protein-nanoparticle composites yields highly ordered nanoparticle superlattices with unprecedented precision. The structure of the protein scaffold can be tuned with external stimuli such as metal ion concentration.[2] Importantly, the composite materials show catalytic activity inside the porous material.[3] Along these lines, the protein containers used as a scaffold offer a viable route towards renewable materials.[4] Towards the efficient preparation of nanoparticle-protein building blocks, we have recently established the encapsulation of inorganic nanoparticles into the protein container encapsulin.[5] For this purpose, gold nanoparticles were decorated with cargo-loading peptides. By lock-and-key interaction between the peptides and the peptide-binding pockets on the inner container surface, the nanoparticles are encapsulated with extremely high efficiency. Cargo-loading peptides may serve as generally applicable tool for efficient and specific encapsulation of cargo molecules into a protein compartment. Moreover, these nanoparticle protein-container composites are suitable for applications as building blocks in materials, exploiting the plasmonic properties of gold nanoparticles for light manipulation or sensing.
References:
[1] M. Künzle, T. Eckert, T. Beck, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2016, 138, 12731-12734.
[2] M. Künzle, T. Eckert, T. Beck, Inorg. Chem. 2018, 57, 13431-13436.
[3] M. Lach, M. Künzle, T. Beck, Chem. Eur. J. 2017, 23, 17482-17486.
[4] a) M. Künzle, M. Lach, T. Beck, Dalton Trans. 2018, 47, 10382-10387; b) M. Lach, M. Künzle, T. Beck, Biochemistry 2019, 58, 140-141.
[5] M. Künzle, J. Mangler, M. Lach, T. Beck, Nanoscale 2018, 10, 22917-22926.
Bright Triplet Excitons in Cesium Lead Halide Perovskites
Dr. Alexander Efros (Naval Research Laboratory, Washington DC, USA), Vortrag am 01.11.2019
The observation of a ground optically forbidden “dark” exciton state in semiconductor nanocrystals was first reported in the seminal paper of Nirmal et al. in 1995.[1] Later research in nanowires, nanorods, and nanoplatelets has shown that the ground exciton state in all these semiconductor structures is a dark exciton, leading us to believe that the ground exciton must be dark. Because dark excitons release photons slowly, hindering emission, semiconductor nanostructures that disobey this rule have been sought. However, despite considerable experimental and theoretical efforts, no semiconductors have been identified in which the lowest exciton is bright. Three years ago however cesium lead halide perovskite (CsPbX3, with X = Cl, Br or I ) nanocrystals were grown, which without too much effort, demonstrated very bright photoluminescence (PL) with quantum yield 50-90% at room temperature. This bright emission was traced to a very short radiative decay time. The nanocrystals emit light about 20 and 1,000 times faster than any other semiconductor nanocrystal at room and cryogenic temperatures, respectively. The increase of the decay time with temperature from 100 ps to 1 ns at RT is inconsistent with a dark ground state exciton suggesting that in these nanocrystals the ground exciton state is bright. We use an effective-mass model and group theory to demonstrate the possibility of such a ground bright state existing, which can occur when the strong spin–orbit coupling in the conduction band of perovskites is combined with the Rashba effect.[2] We then apply our model to CsPbX3 nanocrystals, and measure size- and composition- dependent fluorescence at the single-nanocrystal level. The bright triplet character of the lowest exciton explains the anomalous photon-emission rates of these materials. The existence of this bright triplet exciton is further confirmed by analysis of the fine structure in low-temperature fluorescence spectra. More generally, our results provide criteria for identifying other semiconductors that exhibit bright excitons, with potential implications for optoelectronic devices.
[1] Nirmal, M. et al. “Observation of the “dark exciton” in CdSe quantum dots.” Phys. Rev. Lett. 75, 3728–3731 (1995).
[2] Becker, M. A. “Bright triplet excitons in caesium lead halide perovskites,” Nature, 553, 189-193 (2018)
From bulk halide perovskites for photovoltaics, to perovskite nanocrystals and 2D layered perovskites
Prof. Jacky Even (Univ Rennes, INSA Rennes, CNRS, Institut FOTON), Vortrag am 04.11.2019
In the past seven years, solution-processed organometallic perovskite based solar cells have emerged as a promising thin-film photovoltaic technology. The most impressive results were initially obtained with 3D halide perovskites. Presently, the intended optoelectronic applications of this class of materials extend more generally to the field of conventional semiconductors. The presentation will shortly review some of the open questions for 3D halide perovskites, and introduce layered perovskites and nanocrystals. Simulations results obtained by the joint FOTON/ISCR team in Rennes will be described, as well as experimental results obtained in collaboration.
Electronic Structure, Manybody Effects and Phonon-assisted Dynamics in Semiconductor Quantum Dots
Dr. Moritz Cygorek (University of Ottawa), Vortrag am 11.11.2019
Quantum dots are key devices for quantum technologies. Because of their strong interaction with light, quantum dots can serve as single-photon sources or as emitters of entangled photon pairs. As novel fabrication techniques enable an unprecedented degree of control over the shapes and sizes of semiconductor nanostructures, there is a demand for tools to theoretically predict how changes in their geometry influence their electronic and optical properties.
Here, I present QNANO, an atomistic million-atom electronic structure simulation framework for semiconductors and 2D materials based on the tight-binding and configuration-interaction approach, and show how it can be used as a predictive tool to model the electronic and optical properties of excitonic complexes and multi-electron systems in nanowire quantum dots. Moreover, I report on the ultrafast dynamics in laser-driven semiconductor quantum dots in optical microcavities as sources of non-classical light, where the non-perturbative coupling to phonons, simulated using a numerically exact real-time path-integral method, turns out to have both detrimental and beneficial aspects for applications.
One-Dimensional Systems for Quantum Circuits from ballistic transport, conductance quantization and many-body correlations
Dr. Stefan Ludwig (Paul-Drude-Institut für Festkörperelektronik, Berlin), Vortrag am 16.12.2019
Controlling the coherent electron dynamics of mesoscopic devices is key if we aim at using on-chip electronic circuits for quantum technology applications. One-dimensional (1D) wires or quantum point contacts are basic building blocks of quantum electronic circuits. 1D transport is also fundamentally interesting not only because of its quantized conductance but even more so because of strongly enhanced interactions in 1D. However, the dynamics of 1D systems is fragile which poses high demands on the control of material properties and interfaces. I will start this talk with an extended introduction for non-specialists on 1D electron systems, their transport dynamics, and possible applications. Then I will discuss electron-electron interaction in clean 1D systems with a focus on the so-called 0.7-anomaly of quantum point contacts [1, 2]. If time allows I will finally present examples of ballistic coherent transport in two-dimensional systems including 1D components. These experiments are designed to probe ways to realize on-chip quantum circuits.
Quantum point contacts (QPC) for research: QPCs are the shortest possible 1D systems. Metal gates on the surface of a GaAs/AlGaAs heterostructure in combination with the electric field effect are used to define an electric saddle point potential in the plane of a conducting layer 100 nm beneath the surface. Left hand side: scanning electron microsope image of the surface. Center: animation of the gate layout of the sample on the left including the potential landscape induced by the gates in the conducting layer. Right hand side: electron optics device consisting of two QPCs and an electrostatic lense in between to increase the interaction by ballistic electrons.
References
[1] F. Bauer, J. Heyder, E. Schubert, D. Borowsky, D. Taubert, B. Bruognolo, D. Schuh, W. Wegscheider, J. v. Delft, and S. Ludwig, The Microscopic Origin of the 0.7-Anomaly in Quantum Point Contacts, Nature 501, 73 (2013).
[2] J. Heyder, F. Bauer, E. Schubert, D. Borowsky, D. Schuh, W. Wegscheider, J. v. Delft, and S. Ludwig, On the Relation between the 0.7-Anomaly and the Kondo Effect: Geometric Crossover be- tween a Quantum Point Contact and a Kondo Quantum Dot, Phys. Rev. B 92, 195401, (2015).
Mechanism(s) of Photocatalytic Processes: Revisited!
Prof. Detlef Bahnemann (Leibniz Universität Hannover, Institut für Technische Chemie), Vortrag am 07.01.2020
Charge carrier transfer processes are very important and play a vital role in photocatalytic reactions. The fundamental study of the dynamics of these charge transfer processes is thus crucial from the viewpoint of developing efficient photocatalytic systems for largescale industrialization. The current presentation mainly reviews recent efforts on understanding the charge transfer kinetics in photocatalytic processes. Some fundamental aspects involved in charge transfer processes, such as, charge carrier generation, charge carrier trapping, charge carrier recombination, and electron and hole transfer are discussed based on the results published in the past decades. Moreover, recent studies focusing on the enhancement of the photocatalytic efficiency by improving the charge carrier transfer and separation will also be discussed here. Noble metal loading, plasmonic structure, and graphene loading have been found to be efficient methods to improve charge carrier separation and to suppress charge carrier recombination. Although there have been significant advances in the research of charge transfer dynamics, there are still many processes not fully understood, especially on the molecular-level. There are, for example, hardly any studies associated with electron and hole transfer kinetics in photocatalytic reactions on single crystal TiO2 surfaces. Most researchers have studied the charge transfer kinetics on a very short timescale, while the charge transfer on a more extended timescale is still unclear. This review highlights the importance of charge transfer processes in photocatalytic reactions the understanding of which can provide possibilities to significantly improve photocatalytic efficiencies.
References:
L. Zhang, H. H. Mohamed, R. Dillert, D. Bahnemann, “Kinetics and Mechanisms of Charge Transfer Processes in Photocatalytic Systems: A Review”, J. Photochem. Photobiol., C: Photochemistry Reviews 13 (2012) 263-276.
J. Schneider, M. Matsuoka, M. Takeuchi, J. Zhang, Y. Horiuchi, M. Anpo, D. W. Bahnemann, “Understanding TiO2 Photocatalysis: Mechanisms and Materials”, Chem. Rev. 114 (2014) 9919-9986.
M. Curti, J. Schneider, D. W. Bahnemann, C. B. Mendive, “Inverse Opal Photonic Crystals as a Strategy to Improve Photocatalysis: Underexplored Questions ”, J. Phys. Chem. Letters 6 (2015) 3903-3910.
Semiconductor nanoplatelets – from synthesis to bioimaging and thin films
Dr. Andreas Riedinger (MPI for Polymer Research, Mainz), Vortrag am 20.01.2020
Semiconductor nanoplatelets (NPLs) are quasi-two-dimensional, plate-like nanocrystals. Their lateral dimensions are usually larger and their thicknesses – which can be controlled with atomic precision – are smaller than the Bohr radius. As a results NPLs exhibit 1D quantum confinement across their thickness, leading to extremely sharp absorption and emission bands, and record one and two-photon absorption cross-sections. These properties make NPLs interesting candidates for a variety of applications including lasers, LEDs, and bioimaging.
I will start my talk by discussing how a flask full of NPLs with each having the exact same thickness can evolve even from cubic crystals structures. Based on a solvent-free synthesis procedure, we have discovered a mechanism that not only explains the formation of NPLs with precise thicknesses, but implies also the existence of unique 2D Ostwald-ripening in the lateral dimensions. We have proven this experimentally and can show how certain impurities in the precursors can determine the final thickness population by modifying the Ostwald ripening process. Furthermore, the solvent-free NPL synthesis also allowed us to detect the organo-selenium intermediates involved in NPL formation and to synthesize them later. These bis(acyl)selenides are reactive even at low temperature since they can readily undergo Lewis acid-base reaction with metal salts, making them, e.g., ideally suited for low temperature synthesis of thin NPLs with high quantum yields.
After tackling these fundamental challenges, I will discuss how the excellent properties of NPLs can be used for bioimaging and optoelectronic applications. First, I will show how the fluorescence brightness under bioimaging conditions can significantly exceed the traditional quantum dots for one- and two-photon excitations. Then I will demonstrate how the anisotropic properties of NPLs can be exploited macroscopically by jointly orienting them at liquid-liquid interfaces, allowing very clean arrangements that do not contain insulating layers of surfactant molecules beneath the self-organized film. This process is therefore ideally suited for the bottom-up production of optoelectronic components. Our films exhibit a long-range order of transition dipole moments leading to linearly polarized light on macroscopic scales, and are orientation-dependent photoconductive, as demonstrated by angle-resolved photoluminescence and terahertz spectroscopy. Finally, I will conclude my talk with an outlook on how NPLs can be implemented in additive manufacturing processes such as stereolithographic 3D printing to produce photonic structures for improved light extraction.
References:
- Riedinger, A.; Ott, F. D.; Mule, A.; Mazzotti, S.; Knüsel, P. N.; Kress, S. J. P.; Prins, F.; Erwin, S. C.; Norris, D. J. Nature Materials 2017, 16, (7), 743-748.
- Ott, F. D.; Riedinger, A.; Ochsenbein, D. R.; Knüsel, P. N.; Erwin, S. C.; Mazzotti, M.; Norris, D. J. Nano Letters 2017, 17, (11), 6870-6877.
- Rossinelli, A. A.; Riedinger, A.; Marques-Gallego, P.; Knüsel, P. N.; Antolinez, F. V.; Norris, D. J. Chemical Communications 2017, 53, (71), 9938-9941.
- Riedinger, A.; Mule, A. S.; Knüsel, P. N.; Ott, F. D.; Rossinelli, A. A.; Norris, D. J. Chemical Communications 2018, 54, (83), 11789-11792.
- Halim, H.; Simon, J.; Lieberwirth, I.; Mailander, V.; Koynov, K.; Riedinger, A. Journal of materials chemistry. B 2020, 8, (1), 146-154.