Landolt-Börnstein - Group III Condensed Matter

2.3.2.2.2 Phase transitions on low index metal surfaces

Abstract

This chapter discusses phase transitions on low index metal surfaces. Many low index metal surfaces show phenomena which are treated as phase transitions. In the high temperature phase in addition to phonon excitation some kinds of disorder are observed like roughening or melting or disordering or a soft-phonon displacive disorder. The superstructure may disappear by disordering within a layer (deconstruction) or by forming new layers via steps (roughening). A quite different superstructure is found for the W (100) c(2 ×2) with a zig-zag displacement of the surface atoms. Orientation of the surface main methods of experimental or theoretical investigation main phenomena detected the critical temperatures Tx or range of temperatures ΔT for the phase transitions on metal surfaces are tabulated. The graphical representations include (i) surface peak area expressed as the number of visible monolayers Nmono and visible atoms Natomrespectively, as a function of temperature T for the Al (110) surface, excitations on the Au (110) 1 x 2 surface, (ii) simulation of the melting of a slab with 30 layers, (iii) peak intensity of the Bragg component of the scattering at the (0.06, 0.06, 1.5) superlattice peak position as a function of temperature of Au. (iv) the measured number of disorderly positioned atoms per unit area N in the asymptotic melting regime of Pb, (v) shadowing/blocking geometry in a cylindrical crystal of Pb, (vi) in situ observation of a lead crystal at different annealing temperatures between 300ºC, (vii) the melting point and surface phonon dispersion curves on W(001).

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Title
2.3.2.2.2 Phase transitions on low index metal surfaces
Book Title
Structure
In
2.3.2.2 Phase transitions
Book DOI
10.1007/b41604
Chapter DOI
10.1007/10031427_53
Part of
Landolt-Börnstein - Group III Condensed Matter
Volume
24A
Editors
  • G. Chiarotti
Authors
  • H. Henzler
  • W. Ranke

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